Cellular signaling is the process by which cells communicate with each other to regulate various biological functions. This communication is typically achieved through the release, detection, and response to signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors. Cellular signaling pathways involve a series of molecular events that ultimately lead to changes in cell behavior, such as gene expression, protein synthesis, cell division, and cell movement. Dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways can lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Researchers in this field study the mechanisms of cellular signaling and develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of various diseases.